{"id":769,"date":"2023-07-29T17:31:58","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T17:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/?page_id=769"},"modified":"2025-06-06T09:00:14","modified_gmt":"2025-06-06T09:00:14","slug":"reference-and-citation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/learning-support\/reference-and-citation\/","title":{"rendered":"Reference and citation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"769\" class=\"elementor elementor-769\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1919e3c7 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-bottom elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1919e3c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_delay&quot;:50}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3d51bc26\" data-id=\"3d51bc26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-44bfc6fb elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44bfc6fb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-58540121\" data-id=\"58540121\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6be45e0 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6be45e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:100}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Referencing and citation<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d9c5ee5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d9c5ee5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70dcc59f elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"70dcc59f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65e304b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65e304b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.23.0 - 05-08-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div id=\"content_container\"><div id=\"content_container_right\"><h1><strong>Havard Style<\/strong><\/h1><h5><strong>Sample Citations<\/strong><\/h5><h5><strong><u>Journal Article<\/u><\/strong><\/h5><p>Islam, Md.A., Sultana, R. and Widen, G. (2022) <em>&#8216;Sustainable Development Goals and public libraries: an exploratory study in a developing country<\/em>,&#8217; Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 59(1), pp. 715\u2013717. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pra2.700\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pra2.700<\/a>.<\/p><h5><strong>In-Text <\/strong><\/h5><p><em><u>Parenthetical<\/u><\/em><em><u>:<\/u><\/em> (Islam et al., 2022)<\/p><p><em><u>Narrative<\/u><\/em><em>: <\/em>Islam et al. (2022) suggests&#8230;<\/p><h5><strong><u>Book(printed)<\/u><\/strong><\/h5><h6><u>Key components<\/u><\/h6><ul><li>Author(s).<\/li><li>Year of publication (in round brackets).<\/li><li>Title (in italics).<\/li><li>Edition (only include the edition number if it is not the first edition).<\/li><li>Place of publication: publisher.<\/li><\/ul><h6><u>Example<\/u><\/h6><p>Judy C. Pearson, Paul E Nelson, Scott Titsworth\u00a0 and\u00a0 Lynn Harter .(2003). Human Communication. Boston: McGraw Hill.<\/p><p><em><u>In-text citation Parenthetical<\/u><\/em><strong>:<\/strong> (Pearson et al., 2003)<\/p><p><em><u>In-Text Narrative Citation<\/u><\/em><strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>In the introduction of his book,\u00a0Pearson et al. (2003) asserts&#8230;<\/p><h5><strong><u>E-books<\/u><\/strong><\/h5><ul><li>Author\/editor.<\/li><li>Year of publication (in round brackets).<\/li><li>Title of book (in italics).<\/li><li>[Online]<\/li><li>Place of publication: publisher.<\/li><li>Available at: URL.<\/li><li>(Accessed: date).<\/li><\/ul><h6><u>Example <\/u><\/h6><p>Rayudu, C (2009) <em>Communication<\/em>, Global Media, Mumbai. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [12 May 2025].<\/p><h5><strong><u>Thesis or dissertation<\/u><\/strong><span style=\"background-color: transparent;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5><ul><li>Year of submission (in round brackets).<\/li><li>Title of thesis (in italics).<\/li><li>Degree statement.<\/li><li>Degree-awarding body.<\/li><li>Available at: URL.<\/li><li>(Accessed: date).<\/li><\/ul><h6><u>Example<\/u><\/h6><p>Mukoyi, H.S. (2017) <em>Formulation of an antifungal vaginal cream incorporating erythrina abyssinica and syzigium cordatum herbal extracts<\/em>. BSc dissertation. Harare Institute of Technology.<\/p><h5><strong>Citing and Referencing Generative AI<\/strong><\/h5><ul><li>Title of source: Describe what was generated by the AI tool. This may be the prompt used.<\/li><li>Year generated (in round brackets).<\/li><li>AI tool and version.<\/li><li>Day\/month of communication.<\/li><li>Link to conversation or output (where available).<\/li><\/ul><h6><u>In-text citation <\/u><\/h6><p>(Explain why the sky is blue, 2024)<\/p><h6><u>Reference list:<\/u><\/h6><p>Explain why the sky is blue (2024). ChatGPT (GPT-4). 8 July. Available at: https:\/\/chatgpt.com\/share\/2808d9f2-18c3-4aed-a84e-02e0d670eff1<\/p><h5><strong>Note about the accuracy AI tools&#8217; outputs<\/strong><\/h5><p>Be sure to verify information provided by generative AI tools. Checking for\u00a0reputable sources that confirm generative AI tools&#8217; outputs will make it less likely you end up using false or misleading\u00a0information. It would also be a good idea to cite these sources in your work, in addition to attributing your use of generative AI.\u00a0That way,\u00a0you can\u00a0give\u00a0credit to authors and institutions\u00a0instead of\u00a0just\u00a0AI tools, which are trained on human-generated information in the first place.<\/p><p>For more information about generative AI tools and the accuracy of the information they provide, see this article from MIT Sloan:\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mitsloanedtech.mit.edu\/ai\/basics\/addressing-ai-hallucinations-and-bias\/\">When AI Gets It Wrong: Addressing AI Hallucinations and Bias<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Referencing and citation Havard Style Sample Citations Journal Article Islam, Md.A., Sultana, R. and Widen, G. (2022) &#8216;Sustainable Development Goals and public libraries: an exploratory study in a developing country,&#8217; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":759,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-769","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=769"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1516,"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/769\/revisions\/1516"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hit.ac.zw\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}